The smallest cuvettes can hold 70 microliters, while the largest can hold 2.5 milliliters or more. The width determines the length of the light path through the sample, which affects the calculation of the absorption value. Many cuvettes have a light path of 10 mm (0.39 in), which simplifies the calculation of the absorption coefficient. Most cuvettes have two transparent sides facing each other so that light from the spectrophotometer can pass through, although some tests use reflection, so only one transparent side is needed. For fluorescence measurements, two more transparent sides, at right angles to those used for the spectrophotometer light, are needed for the excitation light. Some cuvettes have a glass or plastic cap for use with hazardous solutions or to protect samples from air.
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